Publications

Journal Articles

M. Sarma, N. Shevchenko, N. Weber, T. Weier, Operando characterisation of Na-Zn molten salt batteries using X-ray radiography: insights into performance degradation and cell failure. Energy Storage Materials, 83, 104654 (2025).
A. Baggio, D. Dalmazzo, F. D’Isanto, E. Santagata, D. Basso, D. Gaia, M. Salvo, F. Smeacetto, Optimizing rheological behavior of glass-based sealant inks for robocasting deposition: A design of experiment approach. Materials & Design, 251, 113678 (2025).
T. Weier, W. Nash, P. Personnettaz, N. Weber, Yamdb: easily accessible thermophysical properties of liquid metals and molten salts. Journal of Open Research Software (2025).
S. Rahimi, E. Svaluto-Ferro, R. Celik, F. Vagliani, D. Basso, A. Turconi, A. Pozzi, C. Battaglia, M. V. F. Heinz, Enhancing Specific Energy and Cycling Stability of High-Temperature Na-ZnCl2 Batteries with Foam-Based Electrodes. Advanced Energy Materials, 2501893 (2025).
W. Ding, R. Hoffmann, A. Barge, O. S. Kjos, N. Weber, T. Weier, T. Bauer, Molten Salt Electrolyte for Na-ZnCl2 All-Liquid Battery for Grid Storage. Batteries, 11/5, 177 (2025).
C. Duczek, N. Weber, W. Nash, M. Sarma, T. Weier, Solutal convection in Na–Zn liquid metal batteries and its impact on self-discharge. Physics of Fluids, 37, 023370 (2025).
W. Nash, M. Sarma, T. Lappan, P. Trtik, C. K. W. Solem, Z. Wang, C. Duczek, A. Beltrán, N. Weber, T. Weier, Diaphragm performance of high-temperature Na–Zn cells evaluated by neutron imaging. Journal of Energy Storage, 114, 115542 (2025).
N. Weber, C. Duczek, G. Monrrabal, W. Nash, M. Sarma, T. Weier, Risk assessment for Na-Zn liquid metal batteries. Open Research Europe, 4, 236 (2024).
C. Sommerseth, K.-R. Molvik, H. Hillestad, M. Nybrodahl, W. Gebarowski, O. S. Kjos, Erratum: Electrical Conductivity of Binary, Ternary, Quaternary and Quinary Molten Salt Mixtures Based on NaCl–CaCl2. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 171, 119001 (2024).
C. Duczek, G. M. Horstmann, W. Ding, K. E. Einarsrud, A. Y. Gelfgat, O. E. Godinez-Brizuela, O. S. Kjos, S. Landgraf, T. Lappan, G. Monrrabal, W. Nash, P. Personnettaz, M. Sarma, C. Sommerseth, P. Trtik, N. Weber, T. Weier, Fluid mechanics of Na-Zn liquid metal batteries. Applied Physics Reviews, 11/4, 041326 (2024).
C. Sommerseth, K.-R. Molvik, H. Hillestad, M. Nybrodahl, W. Gebarowski, O. S. Kjos, Electrical Conductivity of Binary, Ternary, Quaternary and Quinary Molten Salt Mixtures Based on NaCl-CaCl2. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 171, 106503 (2024).
T. Lan, E. Svaluto-Ferro, N. Kovalska, G. Graeber, F. Vagliani, D. Basso, A. Turconi, M. Makowska, G. Blugan, C. Battaglia, M. V. F. Heinz, Scaling of Planar Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery Cells to 90 cm2 Active Area. Batteries & Supercaps, e202400447 (2024).
M. Sarma, J. Lee, W. Nash, T. Lappan, N. Shevchenko, S. Landgraf, G. Monrrabal, P. Trtik, N. Weber, T. Weier, Reusable Cell Design for High-Temperature (600 °C) Liquid Metal Battery Cycling. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 171/4, 040531 (2024).
F. D’Isanto, A. Baggio, M. Salvo, D. Basso, D. Gaia, F. Smeacetto, Glass-based sealants for joining α to β’’-Al2O3 in Na–Zn batteries. Ceramics International, 50/9, Part A, 14542-14549 (2024).
C. Duczek, N. Weber, O. Godinez-Brizuela, T. Weier, Simulation of potential and species distribution in a Li||Bi liquid metal battery using coupled meshes. Electrochimica Acta, 437, 141413 (2023).
L. Sieuw, T. Lan, E. Svaluto-Ferro, F. Vagliani, S. Kumar, W. Ding, A. Turconi, D. Basso, A. Pozzi, C. Battaglia, M. V. F. Heinz, Influence of precursor morphology and cathode processing on performance and cycle life of sodium-zinc chloride (Na-ZnCl2) battery cells. Energy Storage Materials, 64, 103077 (2024).
O. E. Godinez-Brizuela, C. Duczek, N. Weber, W. Nash, M. Sarma, K. E. Einarsrud, A continuous multiphase model for liquid metal batteries. Journal of Energy Storage, 73, 109147 (2023).
S. Kumar, W. Ding, R. Hoffmann, L. Sieuw, M. V. F. Heinz, N. Weber, A. Bonk, AlCl3-NaCl-ZnCl2 Secondary Electrolyte in Next-Generation ZEBRA (Na-ZnCl2) Battery. MPDI Batteries, 9/8, 401 (2023).
M. V. F. Heinz, L. Sieuw, T. Lan, A. Turconi, D. Basso, F. Vagliani, A. Pozzi, C. Battaglia, Cell design strategies for sodium-zinc chloride (Na-ZnCl2) batteries, and first demonstration of tubular cells with 38 Ah capacity. Electrochimica Acta, 464, 142881 (2023).
A. Baggio, F. D’Isanto, F. Valenza, S. Gambaro, V. Casalegno, M. Salvo, F. Smeacetto, The Joining of Alumina to Hastelloy by a TiZrCuNi Filler Metal: Wettability and Interfacial Reactivity. MDPI Materials, 16/5, 1976 (2023).
J. Lee, G. Monrrabal-Marquez, M. Sarma, T. Lappan, Y. J. Hofstetter, P. Trtik, S. Landgraf, W. Ding, S. Kumar, Y. Vaynzof, N. Weber, T. Weier, Membrane‐Free Alkali Metal‐Iodide Battery with a Molten Salt. Energy Technology, 2300051 (2023).
A. De Angelis, P. Carbone, F. Santoni, M. Vitelli, L. Ruscitti, On the Usage of Battery Equivalent Series Resistance for Shuntless Coulomb Counting and SOC Estimation. MDPI Batteries, 9/6, 286 (2023).
T. Lan, G. Graeber, L. Sieuw, E. Svaluto-Ferro, F. Vagliani, D. Basso, A. Turconi, C. Battaglia, M. V. F. Heinz, Planar Sodium-Nickel Chloride Batteries with High Areal Capacity for Sustainable Energy Storage. Advanced Functional Materials, 2302040 (2023).
O. E. Godinez-Brizuela, D. Niblett, K. E. Einarsud, Microstructural Analysis of Effective Electrode Conductivity in Molten Salt, Na-ZnCl2 Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 169/9 (2022).
P. Personnettaz, T. S. Klopper, N. Weber, T. Weier, Layer coupling between solutal and thermal convection in liquid metal batteries. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 188, 122555 (2022).
N. Weber, C. Duczek, G. M. Horstmann, S. Landgraf, M. Nimtz, P. Personnettaz, T. Weier, D. R. Sadoway, Cell voltage model for Li-Bi liquid metal batteries. Applied Energy, 309, 118331 (2022).
S. Bénard, N. Weber, G. M. Horstmann, S. Landgraf, T. Weier, Anode-metal drop formation and detachment mechanisms in liquid metal batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 510, 230339 (2021).

Book Chapters

PhD Thesis

P. Personnettaz, Simulations of mass transport in liquid metal electrodes. PhD Thesis, TU Dresden (2022).

Master Thesis

F. S. Halrynjo, Electrochemical Reduction and Oxidation of Zinc in Chloride Melts for Use in the All-Liquid Na-Zn Battery. Master Thesis, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology (2024).
H. Hillestad, A Study of the Sodium Oxidation and Reduction Reactions in the Na-Zn All-Liquid Battery. Master Thesis, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology (2024).
M. Farouk, Development of Molten Salt Electrolytes in Na-ZnCl2 All Liquid Battery for Electrical Grid Storage. Master Thesis, TU Berlin (2022).
C. Buntoengpesuchsakul, Sodium-Zinc solid electrolyte batteries – the enabler of low-cost energy storage? Master Thesis, Imperial College London (2022).
S. Kumar, Development of molten chloride salt electrolytes in Na-ZnCl2 batteries for large-scale energy storage. Master Thesis, University of Stuttgart / German Aerospace Center (2021).
R. Berridge, Investigating the investment and operational costs of the Na-Zn molten salt battery and evaluating how cost competitive it will be against other technologies in the future. Master Thesis, Imperial College London (2021).

Posters / Publications in Conference proceedings

Open Data